Prostate Cancer
What is the Prostate gland?
The prostate is part of a man's reproductive system. It's located in front of the rectum and under the bladder. The prostate surrounds the urethra, the tube through which urine flows and produces seminal fluid or semen.
What are the symptoms of prostate cancer?
Prostate cancer causes the gland to enlarge. This may result in difficulty starting urination, poor urinary stream, straining during urination, dribbling and sensation of incomplete emptying of the bladder. In advance cases, it may invade into the bladder and rectum resulting in blood in the urine and stool and obstructed urine flow. It may spread to the lymph nodes and may compress on the ureters (tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder), resulting in kidney failure. It also spreads to the bones and other organs in the abdomen and pelvis. In particular, it commonly spreads to the spine, causing back pain and sometimes spine (vertebra) fracture that may cause urinary retention (inability to pass urine) and lower limb weakness. In the very early stages, there may not be any symptoms at all except for a rise in PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) levels.
How is prostate cancer diagnosed?
The diagnosis is made through a prostate biopsy in which prostate tissue is removed and examined under a microscope for cancer cells.
Prostate cancer cells are graded by the Gleason scoring system to determine how aggressive these cells are. Cancers with higher grades tend to grow faster than those with lower grades and are also more likely to spread. Staging tests are performed using bone scan and PET CT or MRI scans to determine whether the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Stages
The stage of prostate cancer depends mainly on:
Treatment
Early prostate cancer
Treatment options include active surveillance, surgery, radiation therapy, with or without hormonal therapy. In certain high-risk cases, you may receive more than one type of treatment.
Surgery: robotic radical prostatectomy
Surgery is an option for men with early-stage prostate cancer
The entire prostate can be removed with a robotic surgical system (da Vinci robotic radical prostatectomy) through small incisions in the abdomen. The surgeon uses handles below a computer display to control the robot's arms. This is the most common type of surgery for prostate cancer at our Clinic.
The prostate can also be removed through a long incision in the abdomen below the belly button. Because of the long incision, it's also called an open radical prostatectomy.
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. It affects cells only in the part of the body that is treated.
The radiation comes from a large machine outside the body. This is called external beam radiation therapy. Treatments are usually 5 days a week for 7 weeks. In brachytherapy (seed implant), the urologist places dozens of radioactive seeds inside needles, and the needles are inserted into the prostate. When the needles are removed, the seeds are left behind. The seeds give off radiation for a few weeks or months. They don't need to be removed once the radiation is gone.
Active Surveillance
Your doctor may suggest active surveillance if you're diagnosed with early-stage very low risk prostate cancer that seems to be growing slowly and if you are older or have other health problems.
Active surveillance is putting off treatment until test results show that your prostate cancer is growing or changing. This requires regular digital rectal exams and PSA tests and repeat prostate biopsies to check the Gleason score.
For some men, it's stressful to live with an untreated prostate cancer. If you choose active surveillance but grow concerned later, you should discuss your feelings with your doctor.
Advance prostate cancer
Follow-up after treatment
You'll need regular checkups (such as every 3 to 6 months) after treatment for prostate cancer. Checkups help ensure that any changes in your health are noted and treated if needed. Prostate cancer may come back after treatment.
Checkups may include a digital rectal exam and a PSA test. A rise in PSA level can mean that cancer has returned after treatment. Your doctor may also order a biopsy, a bone scan, CT scans, an MRI, or other tests.
Partial nephrectomy is increasingly performed in our clinic as more cancers are being detected by screening ultrasound scans.
Send us an enquiry
Contact Information
Ravenna Urology Clinic
6 Napier Road #07-12, Gleneagles Medical Centre,
Singapore 258499
T +65 64797822
F +65 64793989
24-hour Service: +65 65358833
Opening Hours
Mon-Fri 9 am - 5 pm
Sat 9 am - 12:30 pm
Closed on Sun and Public holidays
Website maintained by PAA.
All rights reserved 2014 ~ 2024.
Prostate Cancer
What is the Prostate gland?
The prostate is part of a man's reproductive system. It's located in front of the rectum and under the bladder. The prostate surrounds the urethra, the tube through which urine flows and produces seminal fluid or semen.
What are the symptoms of prostate cancer?
Prostate cancer causes the gland to enlarge. This may result in difficulty starting urination, poor urinary stream, straining during urination, dribbling and sensation of incomplete emptying of the bladder. In advance cases, it may invade into the bladder and rectum resulting in blood in the urine and stool and obstructed urine flow. It may spread to the lymph nodes and may compress on the ureters (tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder), resulting in kidney failure. It also spreads to the bones and other organs in the abdomen and pelvis. In particular, it commonly spreads to the spine, causing back pain and sometimes spine (vertebra) fracture that may cause urinary retention (inability to pass urine) and lower limb weakness. In the very early stages, there may not be any symptoms at all except for a rise in PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) levels.
How is prostate cancer diagnosed?
The diagnosis is made through a prostate biopsy in which prostate tissue is removed and examined under a microscope for cancer cells.
Prostate cancer cells are graded by the Gleason scoring system to determine how aggressive these cells are. Cancers with higher grades tend to grow faster than those with lower grades and are also more likely to spread. Staging tests are performed using bone scan and PET CT or MRI scans to determine whether the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Stages
The stage of prostate cancer depends mainly on:
Treatment
Early prostate cancer
Treatment options include active surveillance, surgery, radiation therapy, with or without hormonal therapy. In certain high-risk cases, you may receive more than one type of treatment.
Surgery: robotic radical prostatectomy
Surgery is an option for men with early-stage prostate cancer
The entire prostate can be removed with a robotic surgical system (da Vinci robotic radical prostatectomy) through small incisions in the abdomen. The surgeon uses handles below a computer display to control the robot's arms. This is the most common type of surgery for prostate cancer at our Clinic.
The prostate can also be removed through a long incision in the abdomen below the belly button. Because of the long incision, it's also called an open radical prostatectomy.
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. It affects cells only in the part of the body that is treated.
The radiation comes from a large machine outside the body. This is called external beam radiation therapy. Treatments are usually 5 days a week for 7 weeks. In brachytherapy (seed implant), the urologist places dozens of radioactive seeds inside needles, and the needles are inserted into the prostate. When the needles are removed, the seeds are left behind. The seeds give off radiation for a few weeks or months. They don't need to be removed once the radiation is gone.
Active Surveillance
Your doctor may suggest active surveillance if you're diagnosed with early-stage very low risk prostate cancer that seems to be growing slowly and if you are older or have other health problems.
Active surveillance is putting off treatment until test results show that your prostate cancer is growing or changing. This requires regular digital rectal exams and PSA tests and repeat prostate biopsies to check the Gleason score.
For some men, it's stressful to live with an untreated prostate cancer. If you choose active surveillance but grow concerned later, you should discuss your feelings with your doctor.
Advance prostate cancer
Follow-up after treatment
You'll need regular checkups (such as every 3 to 6 months) after treatment for prostate cancer. Checkups help ensure that any changes in your health are noted and treated if needed. Prostate cancer may come back after treatment.
Checkups may include a digital rectal exam and a PSA test. A rise in PSA level can mean that cancer has returned after treatment. Your doctor may also order a biopsy, a bone scan, CT scans, an MRI, or other tests.
Partial nephrectomy is increasingly performed in our clinic as more cancers are being detected by screening ultrasound scans.
Send us an enquiry
Contact Information
Opening Hours
Ravenna Urology Clinic
6 Napier Road #07-12, Gleneagles Medical Centre,
Singapore 258499
T +65 64797822
F +65 64793989
24-hour Service: +65 65358833
Mon-Fri 9 am - 5 pm
Sat 9 am - 12:30 pm
Closed on Sun and Public holidays
Website maintained by PAA.
All rights reserved 2014 ~ 2024.
Prostate Cancer
What is the Prostate gland?
The prostate is part of a man's reproductive system. It's located in front of the rectum and under the bladder. The prostate surrounds the urethra, the tube through which urine flows and produces seminal fluid or semen.
What are the symptoms of prostate cancer?
Prostate cancer causes the gland to enlarge. This may result in difficulty starting urination, poor urinary stream, straining during urination, dribbling and sensation of incomplete emptying of the bladder. In advance cases, it may invade into the bladder and rectum resulting in blood in the urine and stool and obstructed urine flow. It may spread to the lymph nodes and may compress on the ureters (tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder), resulting in kidney failure. It also spreads to the bones and other organs in the abdomen and pelvis. In particular, it commonly spreads to the spine, causing back pain and sometimes spine (vertebra) fracture that may cause urinary retention (inability to pass urine) and lower limb weakness. In the very early stages, there may not be any symptoms at all except for a rise in PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) levels.
How is prostate cancer diagnosed?
The diagnosis is made through a prostate biopsy in which prostate tissue is removed and examined under a microscope for cancer cells.
Prostate cancer cells are graded by the Gleason scoring system to determine how aggressive these cells are. Cancers with higher grades tend to grow faster than those with lower grades and are also more likely to spread. Staging tests are performed using bone scan and PET CT or MRI scans to determine whether the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Stages
The stage of prostate cancer depends mainly on:
Treatment
Early prostate cancer
Treatment options include active surveillance, surgery, radiation therapy, with or without hormonal therapy. In certain high-risk cases, you may receive more than one type of treatment.
Surgery: robotic radical prostatectomy
Surgery is an option for men with early-stage prostate cancer
The entire prostate can be removed with a robotic surgical system (da Vinci robotic radical prostatectomy) through small incisions in the abdomen. The surgeon uses handles below a computer display to control the robot's arms. This is the most common type of surgery for prostate cancer at our Clinic.
The prostate can also be removed through a long incision in the abdomen below the belly button. Because of the long incision, it's also called an open radical prostatectomy.
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. It affects cells only in the part of the body that is treated.
The radiation comes from a large machine outside the body. This is called external beam radiation therapy. Treatments are usually 5 days a week for 7 weeks. In brachytherapy (seed implant), the urologist places dozens of radioactive seeds inside needles, and the needles are inserted into the prostate. When the needles are removed, the seeds are left behind. The seeds give off radiation for a few weeks or months. They don't need to be removed once the radiation is gone.
Active Surveillance
Your doctor may suggest active surveillance if you're diagnosed with early-stage very low risk prostate cancer that seems to be growing slowly and if you are older or have other health problems.
Active surveillance is putting off treatment until test results show that your prostate cancer is growing or changing. This requires regular digital rectal exams and PSA tests and repeat prostate biopsies to check the Gleason score.
For some men, it's stressful to live with an untreated prostate cancer. If you choose active surveillance but grow concerned later, you should discuss your feelings with your doctor.
Advance prostate cancer
Follow-up after treatment
You'll need regular checkups (such as every 3 to 6 months) after treatment for prostate cancer. Checkups help ensure that any changes in your health are noted and treated if needed. Prostate cancer may come back after treatment.
Checkups may include a digital rectal exam and a PSA test. A rise in PSA level can mean that cancer has returned after treatment. Your doctor may also order a biopsy, a bone scan, CT scans, an MRI, or other tests.
Partial nephrectomy is increasingly performed in our clinic as more cancers are being detected by screening ultrasound scans.
Send us an enquiry
Contact Information
Ravenna Urology Clinic
6 Napier Road #07-12, Gleneagles Medical Centre,
Singapore 258499
T +65 64797822
F +65 64793989
24-hour Service: +65 65358833
Opening Hours
Mon-Fri 9 am - 5 pm
Sat 9 am - 12:30 pm
Closed on Sun and Public holidays
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